At the time of writing, Paul had not visited there, the letter says (Col 1:4; 2:1).The community had apparently been established by Epaphras of Colossae (Col 1:7; 4:12; Phlm 23).Problems, however, had The Protection From Apostasy (3:10-17), VI. Acts 19:21). The Prize of the Christian Life: Having the Knowledge of Christ (3:1-21), A. Onesimus was condemned by law but saved by grace.72, I. This letter was written about A.D. 55. toward the end of Pauls three-year residency in Ephesus (cf. No doubt this conviction was growing upon him for some time, but the climactic turning point in his career came while he was journeying to Damascus. The background of the Roman church itself influenced both how Paul approached the issue of justification and why he also introduced another topic, Gods promises to Israel. The doubts came from rationalistic critics who likewise refused to accept the Bibles claim to divine inspiration. I am convinced that Wilkinson and Boa are on target when they write: The second chapter of Second Timothy ought to be required daily reading for every pastor and full-time Christian worker. Justification: The Imputation of Gods Righteousness Through Christ (3:215:21), A. Salutation. If you or I were doing this (especially today) we would probably first try to get the administrative organization in order, the structure, and then worry about the doctrine. 59 A.T. Robertson, Paul and the Intellectuals, rev. Prayer of Thanksgiving for Philemon (vv. And what about the Jew? It is thought that there are differences in the vocabulary (ten words not used elsewhere), in the style (it is said to be unexpectedly formal) and in the eschatology (the doctrine of the man of lawlessness is not taught elsewhere). Previous Moreover, the books declare Paul as the author (1 Tim. A collage of Brooke Lim and a screenshot from the TikTok account that exposed her for plagiarism. These reports from Macedonia together with accounts of continued persecution, convinced the great missionary that he ought to write the Thessalonian Saints another letter. 1 Cor. Nevertheless, these are still considered real letters because they were written to specific individuals or communities and addressed practical and theological issues relevant to their recipients. Amen (Romans 16:2527). With perfect calm and an inner peace of mind, Stephen knelt down and prayed that those who were casting the stones might be forgiven. It was perfectly evident that these Christians possessed that which Paul desired more than anything else: the peace of mind that comes with a clear conscience and a deep conviction that they are living in harmony with the will of God. 559a) titled a burlesque play Ho Korinthiastes, which basically means The Lecher. Aristophanes coined the verb korinthiazomai, to act as a Corinthian, which came to mean, to practice fornication. According to Strabo much of the wealth and vice in Corinth centered around the temple of Aphrodite and its thousand temple prostitutes. Not finding Titus there, he pushed on to Macedonia, undoubtedly with concern about Titus safety (7:5-6). [27], Because parchment and especially finer quality papyrus were expensive, scribes may have first taken notes and even written initial drafts on tablets of wood or ivory coated with wax. Examples of coauthors include Silvanus and Timothy in 12 Thessalonians; Timothy in 2 Corinthians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon; Sosthenes in 1 Corinthians; and all the brethren with Paul in Galatians. The Present: The Labor of Love (4:1-12), A. To instruct Titus about what he should do to correct the matters that were lacking in order to properly establish the churches in Crete. It appears that Phoebe, who belonged to the church at Cenchrea near Corinth (16:1), carried the letter to Rome. . So the apostle wrote to deal with the condition of idleness or disorderliness which had increased (3:5-15). The Condemnation of the Immoral Man (the Gentile) (1:18-32), B. At the same time, Paul offered to pay personally whatever Onesimus owed. Romans, which has been called his greatest work or his magnum opus, gets its title from the fact it was written to the church in Rome (1:7, 15). 3. Third, focus on Consequently, it is not necessary to date Colossians in the second century at a time too late for Paul to have written the letter. Further, it is because sound teaching and spirituality are what ultimately produce ministries that are effective according to Gods standards and that manifest the spirit and character of Christ in ministry and outreach. Web200) codex quire containing the Pauline Letters in the following order: Romans, Hebrews, I and II Corinthians, Ephesians, Galatians, Philippians, Colossians, and I Thessalonians. The average letter of Paul, however, was 2,495 words long! 1 / 4. After the death of Claudius in AD 54, Jews and Jewish Christians were allowed to return to Rome, but in the meantime the Church had continued to grow among Gentiles, perhaps resulting in some tension between them and the returning Jewish Christians. [23] The case of Sostheneswho may well be the same individual mentioned in Acts 18:17 as the former ruler of the synagogue, as well as an opponent of Paul, in Corinthis intriguing. The Collection for Jerusalem (16:1-4). A secondary purpose is to teach the practicality of Christian love as we seek to express the life-changing effects of Christs life in ours as it transforms our relationships with others whether in the home or in the master/slave or employer/employee relationships. Originally, they were regarded as mere personal letters and were classified with Philemon, but because of their strong bearing on the life of the church, they began to be called the Pastoral Epistles. Though addressed to individuals, these books are not only not limited to personal and private communications, but they are more official in character. Hebrews, which has been closely associated with Paul in both ancient tradition and Restoration teaching despite being significantly different in style and theme from the secure Pauline letters, has been identified as a work that begins like a treatise, proceeds like a sermon, and closes like an epistle.[19] Nevertheless, it is not simply a theological treatise but rather has an apologetic purpose, defending the superiority of Christ and preventing the readers from lapsing back to the Mosaic system. In addition, Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Clement of Alexandria, and the Muratorian Canon do as well. They are secondary. Because of the greetings in 1:2, Colossians became known as Pros Kolossaeis, To the Colossians. As with the other epistles of Paul surveyed thus far, both the external and internal evidence strongly support Pauls authorship. Friday, May 12, 2023 at 4:00 a.m. (PDT) * Starting time is subject to change. [2] See Richard L. Anderson, Understanding Paul (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1983), 17783. Understandably, Paul makes fewer references to himself and to his readers in Romans than in 1 and 2 Corinthians and Galatians, since he had not founded the Roman church and guided its struggles to maturity as he had the others.39. (5) Then there was a third letter to Corinth (now also lost). with the leaders there, he took Titus (a Gentile) with him (Gal. 1:5f.). However, such arguments have not convinced current scholars. The basic theme of the letter is how the Christians new life, sanctified in Christ and saints by calling, is to be applied to every situation of life. While the experience was sudden and dramatic, the effects were enduring. The second theme flows out of the first, namely, the believers responsibility to know, grasp, and walk in a manner that is fitting with his heavenly position and calling in Christ (1:18-23; 3:14-21; 4:1). Vocabulary used to describe church organization, for instance, would be expected to be different from that used to teach the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. In addition to early patristic authors such as Justin Martyr, Tertullian, and Origen, later reformers such as Martin Luther and John Wesley subscribed to some degree of supersessionism. While 1 Timothy is in many ways a manual on leadership and the conduct of the church, a key term is sound doctrine which is emphasized in a number of places (see 1:10; 4:6; 6:1-3). During the interim from the time of the apostles to the more complete transition to elders and deacons, these men were sent by Paul as his apostolic representatives to repel and deal with certain conditions and people who were threatening to hurt the work and ministries of these churches. Yet as Greeks they prided themselves on their intellectualism, although in their case it had degenerated into a crude and shallow type (1:17; 2:1-5) 43. It was on one of these missions that Saul was converted while on the road to Damascus. To compensate for his failure to carry out his original plans, he was anxious to find something of real merit that he might do, which he believed he found in the need for suppressing a new religious movement that he regarded as both dangerous and heretical Christianity. Various forms of the words righteous and righteousness are sprinkled abundantly throughout Romans. In place of a simple expression of affection and the occasional wish for strength and health for the recipient, the letters of Paul, for instance, frequently include a final blessing, greetings to various individuals in the community receiving the letter, sometimes the instructions to greet with a holy kiss, and a final peace wish. Second Thessalonians anticipates Christ, the coming Judge. The impact must have necessitated great psychological and intellectual readjustments. 6: Acts to Revelation, ed. ( A.D. 64, 65) . 202-03. Priscilla and Aquila, whom Paul met in Corinth, were Jewish Christian refugees from Rome (see Acts 18:13; Romans 16:34). 2:9). The fact that believers are not under the Law in no way means the freedom to do as one pleases, but the power to do what we should by Gods grace through the Spirit. Application: the Practice of Righteousness in Service (12:115:13), F. In Relation to Other Christians (14:115:13), VII. Robert L. Millet (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1987), 14650; Charles A. Wanamaker, The Epistles to the Thessalonians, New International Greek Testament Commentary (hereafter NIGTC) (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1990), 5363, 16490; E. P. Sanders, Paul (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 2633; Raymond E. Brown, Introduction to the New Testament (New York: Doubleday, 1997), 45962. 3:4-5), and had evidently been taught the trade of tent-making as a youth (Acts 18:3). As a city, it had a reputation for gross materialism and deep sinfulness. and brought into a position of liberty. Thus, the apostle writes to refute their false gospel of works and demonstrates the superiority of justification by faith and sanctification by the Holy Spirit versus by the works of the Law. Has God set the Jew aside? 48 This outline was taken from The Expositor's Bible Commentary, New Testament, Frank E. Gaebelein, General Editor, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1976-1992, electronic media. In antiquity, even personal letters were read aloud. Furthermore, he realized that desires give rise to actions, but the Law is unable to give one the desires that are necessary to meet its requirements.
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