Doing so allows the lower echelon to leverage the analytical power and collection capability of the next higher headquarters. Commanders and staffs can recognize relationships among events in the area of interest, discern the way the enemy thinks, and forecast what he might do. What is the projected location and spread of the plume in the potentially affected areas, to include the IMAAC plume models? Readers are provided once again with an instructive mix of mathematics, physics, statistics, and information theory. Relevant information is all information of importance to the commander and staff in the exercise of command and control (FM 3-0). Effective use of terrain diminishes the effects of enemy fires, increases the effects of friendly fires, and facilitates surprise. Commanders have legal and moral responsibilities to refugees and noncombatants in their AOs. In computer-based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that describe how to use the hardware, software and data. The colors in the spectra show dips, the size of which reveal the amount of these elements in the atmosphere of a star. During planning, CCIR focus on information needed to determine which COA to choose. As with organizations, people may be indigenous or introduced from outside the AO. Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which commander has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. What is the status of behavioral healthcare infrastructure (e.g., hospitals, clinics, etc.)? This process raises information from the lowest level, data, to the highest, understanding. What is the Federal plan for distribution and allocation of medical supplies to include main and alternate supply points and supporting terminals to be used or considered? The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. They produce constructive results by the force of argument and the example of their actions. CCIR belong to the commander alone. Applicable only to the commander who specifies them. Essential elements of friendly information are the critical aspects of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation, and therefore must be protected from enemy detection (FM 3-13). Has response included the preparation and distribution strategy for safety messages in print, alternative formats and PSAs for radio and/or TV, including use of sign language interpreters and other non-English languages (e.g., food and water safety consumption and contamination, guidelines for decontamination etc.). Category: Defense Terms. What staging areas are being used by Federal responders? Just as hardware cannot function without software, software cannot function without data. Commanders analyze key civilian areas in terms of how they affect the missions of their individual forces as well as how military operations affect these areas. Each BOS develops its own IRs to answer CCIR and perform its functional responsibilities. Individually or collectively, people can affect a military operation positively, negatively, or neutrally. With responsibility in most cases for an entire continent, Army Service Components must accurately prioritize their information requirements or risk being overwhelmed by information. These EEI refine the Priority Intelligence Requirement. What behavioral health assets can HHS OPDIVS and ESF#8 partners roster and deploy for prestaging? Figure 2. Are there any environmental health risks? Scholars have divided the study of geography into six parts called "The Six Essential Elements of Geography." A geographically informed person knows: 1. The commander's analysis of observation and fields of fire considers many factors, including the location and effect of dead space. Law and the killing of a Russian propagandist: Some Q & A BY CHARLIE DUNLAP, J.D. Relevant Information Production and Flow. A headquarters must focus IRs on RI. 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It's basically the. As depicted in Figure 1 each subsequent part of the PIR forms a subset of the part before it. Examples of these include multinational corporations, United Nations agencies, US governmental agencies, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), such as the International Red Cross. It is not designed to be used as is and must be modified to obtain the maximum benefit. The analyst digests these indicators while working towards answering the Essential Elements of Information. Cover and Concealment. During the Recovery Scoping Meeting, the Program Delivery Manager discusses Essential Elements of Information with the Applicant. Climate is a longer-term but more predictable phenomenon than weather. All are highly effective tools for painting the picture of the battlefield for the commander, yet this level is synchronization is often underused or incorrectly implemented in the intelligence enterprise. RELEVANT INFORMATION SUBJECT CATEGORIES-METT-TC, the task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore (. The ESF #8 Functional Element EEIs are taken from the National Response Plan and are designed to provide the IM the information necessary to be appraised of the status of each of the functional areas of ESF #8 response that he/she is responsible for. (2014). Because the ASCC has a larger footprint to support than a maneuver Division ACE, a PIR-driven analytical process is critical in order to manage the organizational resources throughout the depth of the Area of Operations (AO). Using a structure for military purposes often competes with civilian requirements for it. However, generating these keywords and phrases is also crucial for the research stage when using the internet. Techwalla may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. As the name implies this is the information that indicates what the analyst is looking for is actually taking place. B-32. Commanders add, delete, adjust, and update them throughout an operation based on the information they need for decisionmaking. What is the projected requirement for materiel and countermeasures for RDD response? Commanders designate EEFI and transmit them to their staffs and subordinates. Has the potentially affected state(s) determined the status of in-patient behavioral health facilities? collection by Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR), processing, exploitation and dissemination (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. Consequently, commanders never assume their operations will unfold as planned. These include supplies and support available from joint, multinational, and interagency forces. The Incident Specific EEIs are designed to provide the Incident Manager (IM) situational awareness of the incident. Number of hospitals, dialysis centers, residential long-term care facilities, etc. Commanders need knowledge and understanding to make effective decisions. People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. What Are the Four Basic Functions of a Computer. What is the status of each FMS: occupied beds, vacant/available beds, supplies & equipment, patient contacts and capacity for at-risk populations since last report? Health and Social Services EEIs (Impact Data). The commander and C2 system piece together multiple bits of data to make information; analysis and evaluation of numerous pieces of information produce knowledge. The human body on the left uses the same . Cognition-the act of learning, of integrating from various pieces of information-allows commanders and staffs to generate knowledge. B-61. These EEI refine the Priority Intelligence Requirement. In Evaluating Immunities before a Special Tribunal for Aggression Against Ukraine, the Type of Tribunal Matters, Chinas Ferry Tale Taiwan Invasion Plan Is A Legal Nightmare, China Maritime Report No. These situations require commanders to influence the leaders of these organizations through persuasion. The size or make up of a force might also be an indicator of what type of element it is but there could be some danger in using an indicator like this. The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. It is essential to identifying exceptional information. A more appropriate way to ask the question is, How will the Donovian commander use his fixing forces? As will be illustrated in the later sections of this piece, answering this question as apposed to the previous one can provide more detailed insights into the enemy commanders thought process and can trigger the blue force commander to make a decision. CCIR include priority intelligence requirements (PIRs) and friendly forces information requirements (FFIR). What is the forecasted need for behavioral health care resources over the next 72 hrs 1 week? What is the current Common Operating Picture on federal behavioral health assets deployed in support of HHS ESF#8. Are CDC health physicists alerted to deploy for field dosimetry and consultation in victim decontamination? Some experts list five basic elements of a CBIS: hardware, software, data, procedures and people. It addresses the following related concepts: the cognitive hierarchy of information, relevant information categories by subject (METT-TC) and by usage, information management categories, and relevant information quality criteria. They consider both friendly and enemy perspectives. However some operations require achieving unity of effort between them and the force. It is a continuous process consisting of five phases. Essentially, tactical intelligence and . In all cases, the fewer the CCIR, the better the staff can focus its efforts and allocate scarce resources. They are constrained only by those control measures that ensure necessary coordination. Effective commanders and staffs know how much time and space their units need to plan, prepare, and execute operations. Effective staffs ensure that the vast amount of other information they collect is truly RI and not just nice to have. People is a general term used to describe nonmilitary personnel encountered by military forces. (See paragraphs B-68-B-72.) An appreciation of civil considerations-the ability to analyze their impact on operations-enhances several aspects of operations: among them, the selection of objectives; location, movement, and control of forces; use of weapons; and force protection measures. This important but often overlooked aspect of the PIR can help the collection manager to properly assign collectors. This can be done by asking about their business (e.g., a new product launch or announcement). Avenues of approach normally incorporate key terrain or deny its use to the enemy. B-64. However, some operations (such as a combined arms breaching operation) require greater control and coordination than others (such as an exploitation). It is passed to the commander by the fastest possible means. Appendix B: Essential Elements of Information. Send Emails in a Series 2. Commander's critical information requirements are elements of information required by commanders that directly affect decisionmaking and dictate the successful execution of military operations (FM 3-0). Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN). Judgment, a purely human skill, transforms knowledge into understanding. Examples of key civilian areas are-. PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important., Part 1 - The Priority Intelligence Requirement. hospitals, urgent carefacilities, EMS service, local/state public health departments, and mental health clinics). Figure B-3. Where is the enemy and what is he going to do? These questions become IRs. These visits also provide insights into the intangibles that data and reports cannot capture. They plan to exploit success and aggressively look for opportunities, keeping within the higher commander's intent. When will DHS/FEMA identify staging bases? Technology must display RI about enemy forces and significant aspects of the environment within the same digital frame of reference as friendly force information. In order to focus the intelligence enterprise, the MIB (T) and the G2 use Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) as its main driver to focus the intelligence apparatus. This trigger being met will require the commander to implement that decision. An avenue of approach is an air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading to its objective or to key terrain in its path (JP 1-02). Processing transforms data into information. These PIR are generally established at the operational or strategic level in order to track the effectiveness of their campaign plan or to provide indicators and warnings of the potential need to initiate a contingency plan. (See FM 22-100.). Have there been any outbreaks/reports of abnormal diseases or disease rates? Design of an information system is done based on elements of the model. Managing Information and intelligence management includes identifying essential elements of information (EEI). This is the information part of an information system, and whether that is statistical data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it is all key to a CBIS. Commanders can save more time by using standing operating procedures (SOPs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), and habitual relationships. The second factor to consider is the enemy-dispositions (including organization, strength, location, and tactical mobility), doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable courses of action (COAs). When assigning missions, commanders ensure all their subordinates' missions support the decisive operation and the higher commander's intent. Commanders look for enemy weaknesses and strengths in order to deny options to enemy commanders and keep them reacting to friendly maneuvers. Information requirements are all information elements the commander and staff require to successfully conduct operations; that is, all elements necessary to address the factors of METT-TC. Judgment is a purely human skill. Rate: Favorite: Customers are beneficiaries of products . The most important element of control is information. Without this focus collectors and analysts are left to determine for themselves what they think the priority is. The World in Spatial Terms a. In almost every case, military forces have more resources than civilian organizations. On a daily basis, what behavioral health care assets can HHS OPDIVS and ESF#8 partners deploy in support of the state(s)? Strategic intelligence is information that is needed to formulate policy and military plans at the international and national policy levels. Combat information is unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements (JP 1-02). (See FM 5-0.) So, an indicator of where the enemy commander is going to employ his breaching force is the location of the IMR-2, a very distinct looking piece of equipment, within the enemy force. Troops using valleys as avenues of approach must control the adjacent ridges to protect their movement. Transmitted directly to the commander as quickly as possible by whatever means are immediately available. A thorough understanding of the mission focuses decisionmaking throughout the operations process. Uncover Important Keywords and Phrases. Figure B-2 shows the relationship of IM, RI, and IRs. What activities are Donovia conducting within the AOR which affect US interests, access, or influence? Terrain adjacent to the AO may be key if its control is necessary to accomplish the mission. B-4. The PIR examples used to illustrate the previous sections are good examples of mission specific PIR. The elements of an information system are customers, business processes, product services and communication technology. You want readers to know what they're looking at right away by including a descriptive title and subheads, like the ones . B-20. The components that allow one computer to communicate with another are hardware and are controlled by software. What are the recommended procedures for Federal use and local acquisition of supplies and services? Two small fixing forces are moving towards 1-5IN and 3-21INs position and the larger breaching force indicated by its size and composition is headed towards 1-24INs position. Therefore, commanders and ASCC G2s must ensure an optimized intelligence enterprise by preserving and stewarding intelligence capabilities as well as the intelligence core tasks (e.g. Evaluate healthcare organization, staff and supplies, Consider healthcare facility incident command status, Consider healthcare facility decompression initiatives, This page was last edited on 10 May 2021, at 19:34. What damage has occurred in the affected area (including injuries/fatalities)? Reports normally convey COP-related information. 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Specify the name of report, providing agency, etc. For example, a commander may determine that if the enemy discovers the location and movement of the friendly reserve, the operation is at risk. B-14. The source of execution information is the commander's decisions. In stability operations and support operations, Army forces work closely with civilians of all types. Easier said than done. 2. Corridors (ridge and valley systems) can either form natural avenues of approach (if they run toward an objective), or obstacles to movement (if they run perpendicular to the direction of movement, forming cross compartments). CCIR limit information reported to commanders to information critical to decisionmaking. Does it include at-risk needs? Information forms the basis of the COP. These questions require staffs to modify IRs and commanders to modify their CCIR. Enemy commanders do the same. Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). Some organizations may be indigenous to the area. Each of the EEI that make up a PIR must be answered for that Priority Intelligence Requirement to be considered completely answered. Is DOD assistance available to providemedical surge capability support? Figure B-2. Knowledge, including aspects of running estimates, can often be represented on displays of the COP. Ideally, commanders assign each subordinate a mission and an area of operations (AO) without further restrictions. Time available varies with unit size and mission. An appreciation of terrain-the ability to analyze its impact on operations-is one of a commander's most important skills. In the context of the cognitive hierarchy, information is data that have been processed to provide further meaning. The best indicators are things that are unique about a formation. Information systems (INFOSYS) now available provide commanders at all levels with near real-time RI on the current situation in the form of the COP. What is the non-NDMS bed status in the affected and surrounding areas, including at-risk population needs? B-35. The cycle of planning and directing, collecting, processing, analyzing and producing, and disseminating intelligence requires a substantial effort to overcome some unique and complex challenges. This provides a clear set of priorities for allocating resources to answer IRs. Examples of good PIR include: Where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? How will the Donovians use chemical weapons? Most non-intelligence soldiers only ever see this part of the equation. Terrain that offers cover and concealment limits fields of fire. They and others apply judgment to transform that knowledge into understanding. B-5. B-8. HPP-PHEP 6.1: Information Sharing. What assistance have state officials requested from FDA, e.g., inspectional assistance, technical expertise, product sampling, and laboratory analysis? B-16. While true understanding should be the basis for their decisions, commanders realize that uncertainty and time preclude achieving perfect situational understanding before deciding and acting. What is a Priority Intelligence Requirement? Exceptional information is-. What is the projected requirement for blood product support? What is the projected requirement for aeromedical evacuation (ambulatory and non-ambulatory), including at-risk population? B-78. However, it is important to realize that they exist. What is the projected requirement for DoD worker crisis counseling and mental health and substance abuse behavioral health capabilities/support? This transformation includes developing and maintaining staff running estimates. Failure to consider key civilian areas can seriously affect the success of any operation. What is the projected requirement for ground movement of patients, including at-riskpopulations?
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