Hoover began plotting the assassination of JFK from the very minute he entered the White House. When you become president, you will be. Location: St. Theresa of the Infant Jesus Church 2855 St. Theresa Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 Interment will follow at St. Raymond's Cemetery ( 2600 Lafayette Avenue, Bronx NY) Please keep Mrs. Muccio and her family . He gave the OK for the Gunpowder Plot, and he said that God would understand if Catholics were also killed in the blast. SALON is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as a trademark of Salon.com, LLC. Yearly: $120 a year, To pay in advance without a subscription, click here Under the leadership of McIntyre, the diocese of LA experienced unprecedented growth during the 50s. I do remember that he wore a Stetson hat and a long cream raincoat and was very pleasant to me. The Archdiocese of New York has said it had only recently learned of an allegation that the deeply influential Cardinal Francis Spellman groped a . Christopher Mule at Francois, Patricia - Brereton, Undine - McGill-Nash, Doreen - Romain, Joyce - Brooklyn Arts Council - Francis-Primo, Rosemarie - Valencia, Liseth - Antoine, Marie-Ketlaine - Raoul, Ninaj - Occupational Folklife Project Francois, Patricia - Brereton, Undine - McGill-Nash, Doreen - Romain, Joyce - Brooklyn Arts Council - Francis-Primo, Rosemarie - Valencia, Liseth - Antoine, Marie-Ketlaine - Raoul, Ninaj - Occupational Folklife Project - Lewis, Christine Yvette - Antoine, Livicia - Foote, Claudette - Lynch, Hazel Ann - American Folklife Center - Noel, Marie-Pierre - Flores, Darlene - Wilson, Magdalen - Exantus, Marie-Choubert - Robley, Lorna - Murray, Valerie - Haynes, Althea - Mul, Christopher J. Barbara Wilks, FAIA, an architect and landscape architect, discusses her journey as principal and owner of Cho Wilks and Benn in Baltimore, Maryland, and later of W Architecture and Landscape Architecture in Occupational Folklife Project - Filkins, Sarah K. - Wilks, Barbara. Gift; Bernard Gotfryd; 2004; (DLC/PP-2004:032). Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal-Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in the consistory of February 18, 1946; his titular church was the same one held by Pius before his election to the papacy. La Popessa, by Paul Murphy and Rene Arlington, 1983, Assorted articles especially, The Irish Echos article on Spellman, by EdwardT. ODonnell, 2006. Times Books, New York, 1984. The attempted groping all happened in plain sight, with Spellman's personal assistant in tow, to keep the groping from going too far. A group of college students protested outside his residence in December 1965 for suppressing antiwar priests, and he later spent that year's Christmas with troops in South Vietnam. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is True in 1961 he had fixed Fidel Castro in his sights for removal, one diplomat remembers: Spellmans information about Cuba was better than ours. El jesuita : conversaciones con el cardenal Jorge Bergoglio, sj. DUE TO THE IMPENDING WEATHER, THE DATE AND TIME OF THE WAKE AND FUNERAL MASS HAVE BEEN CHANGED. Domestic Workers United : Archie Green Fellows Project, 2015-2016. His was the first consecration of an American bishop ever held at St. Visiting hours will be held on Sunday December 11, 2016 at the Davis Funeral & Cremation Home, 619 State Road (Rte. So was the Culture Club, formed by a couple of classmates in my company for the purpose of availing ourselves of the culture in nearby New York City. [22] Spellman's support of John Courtney Murray contributed to Murray's significant influence on the drafting of Dignitatis humanae, the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on Religious Freedom. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. I left the cardinals residence that day carrying a couple of tie clasps, three key chains, and a couple of gold-plated tie tacks. [34] He led his archdiocese through an extensive period of building the Catholic infrastructure, particularly the construction of numerous churches, schools, and hospitals. If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing Interview with Undine Brereton conducted by Christine Lewis. I took my seat and got out my pen and notebook and started the interview, but before I could even ask my first question, Spellman put his hand on my thigh and started moving it toward my crotch. [16] He also visited Ecuador, where he founded three schools: Cardinal Spellman High School and Cardinal Spellman Girls' School, both in Quito; and Cardinal Spellman High School in Guayaquil. He was 95 years old. such as microfilm or copy prints? The 15th century was a terrible time for the Papacy. Ware, Leonard. So was the council a hidden Illuminati agenda for their bishops and others to shape and re-organize the Catholic church to todays format? In June 1963, the light changed to green for the assassination of President Kennedy. Bishop Malone Reinstating Priest Accused of Gay Predation, Pope Francis Must Resign: Criminal Probe Widens, NY Investigation Looms as Campaign for Transparency Continues, Francis Spouts Woke Tale of Vatican Museums Loot, Female Preachers To Usurp Pulpits on St. [3], During his years in Rome, Spellman befriended such figures as Gaetano Bisleti, Francesco Borgongini Duca and Domenico Tardini. Reference staff can Suddenly the cardinal opened the drawer in the side table next to him and took out a gold-plated tie clasp emblazoned with some sort of Catholic symbol and handed it to me. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. /. Well, I have to suggest, doesnt that beat blessing B52 bombers well doesnt it? 1 photograph : color transparency ; 35mm (slide format). [19] He hosted such prominent figures as Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., Bernard Baruch, David I. Walsh, John William McCormack, and numerous other politicians, entertainers, and clergymen. THE 3 PURLE PRELATES WERE: CARDINAL SPELLMAN OF NEW YORK, CARDINAL CUSHING OF BOSTON, actually 3 "Holy Fathers," all calling each other "Antipope," and exercising their Christian charity by throwing, Cardinal McIntyre despised the Ecumenical Movement and the "changes" from the. "But of course she wouldn't because of the children. I was a junior at West Point, and one of the editors of the cadet magazine, The Pointer. Once when Spellman was openly challenged about his predilection for the same sex he would casually remark,Who would believe it?Who indeed! Pacelli also looked into "the radio priest" Father Charles Coughlin of Detroit. Cardinal Spellman's funeral at St. Pats i.e. I do recall that at the time the Vice President had perhaps 2 or 3 bored Secret Service men standing next to him by his gleaming black Lincoln. Please use digital image: original slide is kept in cold storage for preservation. The Church is playing dumb about Spellman now, but even within the compass of this one incident, it is clear that Church officials knew about his gay predation. Photo agency: Pictorial Parade. I believe he really thought this was within his political grasp, but it was not to be. Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal-Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in the consistory of February 18, 1946; his titular church was the same one held by Pius before his election to the papacy. Graham was uncomfortably silent. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and Francis Spellman was born in Whitman, Massachusetts, to William Spellman (18581957) and Ellen (ne Conway) Spellman. With all the consoling and confessing her sins, Jackie was still guilt-ridden and suicidal: At least one friend was convinced that the love affair with Bobby saved Jackie's life. By 1969 a new Republican President was negotiating a diplomatic solution to the war. Boston Archbishop Cushing received the purple on December 18, 1958. Cardinals, - Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Is the item digitized? The Roman Catholic Hierarchy: The Deadliest Menace to American Liberties and Christian Civilization. Coughlin was in Boston at the same time as Pacelli, but they did not meet. The trick was getting. When his mother died in 1935, her funeral was attended by Governor James Curley, Lieutenant Governor Joseph Hurley, and many members of the clergy, with the exception of O'Connell.[10]. Andersen, The funeral and burial of Pope Pius XII was a very, very hasty affair because of the odor of death! But, amazingly, as this picture comes into focus, the hierarchy continues to prattle on about lesser issues. He should be selling bananas. However during the Second World War Spellman, in his new capacity as Chaplain general to the American forces, travelled widely, often visiting dangerous military theatres of action in Europe and the Pacific. the original in color by citing the Call Number listed above and including the catalog Cooney had spoken to a number of sources who could testify to Spellman's active homosexuality, including a former Broadway dancer who said that Spellman knew he could get away with his double life owing to the docility and naivete of the faithful. "Spellman, Francis Joseph", "New book on Cardinal Spellman stirs controversy", "Spellman leads crusade against communism", Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA, Archdiocese for the Military Services of the United States, Apostolic Vicar for the Military Services, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_Spellman&oldid=1150011775. York, 1998. Cardinal McIntyre was as shocked as all the conspirators that the coup d'etat failed, and the Soviet Union was not turned into a parking lot. [13] Spellman worked with Joseph P. Kennedy and Pacelli to stop Coughlin. They include Haitians, Trinidadians, Africans, Hispanics and those of other backgrounds. Pope Pius blessed his new cardinal and told him to continue to multiply the loaves and fishes of dollar bills! On behalf of President/Principal, Daniel O'Keefe, and the Spellman community, it is with deepest sorrow that we notify you of the passing of beloved. Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through $19.95. In other words, the archdiocese was aware of allegations against Spellman but didn't bother to investigate them. Josephine adopted the name Sister Pascalina, but at the Vatican she was called "La Popessa. No known restrictions on publication. [40], Bishops consecrated by Francis Spellman as principal consecrator. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Beloved husband of Marcia (Gagne) Donovan of Plymouth, and loving father of Gregory Donovan of Plymouth and Erin Aldonis of Broomfield . Once at an invited prayer breakfast that included amongst others Billy Graham and the cardinal, LBJ asked both of them what he should do next in the Vietnam theatre? Luckily, I knew that he and my grandfather, General Lucian K. Truscott Jr., had been acquainted during the war. The recent Salon article detailing groping allegations against Cardinal Francis Spellman, the long-serving archbishop of New York City who died in the late 1960s, couldn't possibly have come as. He would also certainly galvanize American Catholic support behind FDR in the ongoing war effort. The bishop of Tyler, TX talks to Terry Barber. He also served as secretary to Cardinal Lorenzo Lauri at the 1932 International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, and helped reform the Vatican's press office, introducing mimeograph machines and issuing press releases. "[10] A theological conservative, he supported ecumenism on pragmatic grounds. Cardinal Spellman! When I moved to New York in 1970 and came into contact with the archdiocese of New York working on stories about the churchs real estate, I heard from several priests I befriended that they still talked about Spellman in the New York church, and that his nickname for decades had been Mary. That a man as powerful as Cardinal Spellman would be given the feminine sobriquet Mary within the church is all the evidence you need that his proclivities were well known by his fellow priests and bishops, and that incredibly, their reaction was to treat it like a joke. However, during the trip Pacelli met with Roosevelt to discuss diplomatic recognition of the sovereignty of Vatican City. He sent priests overseas to study Spanish, and by 1960 a quarter of all the archdiocese's parishes had an outreach to Spanish-speaking Catholics. From 1939 until his death in 1967, he served as the sixth Archbishop of New York; he had previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston from 1932 through 1939. Later he would bless air bombers with sprinkled holy water before they flew towards the Ho Chi Minah trail on a Pentagon sortie. "Now, now, eminence," the monsignor whispered to Spellman. Barbara Ellen Wilks interview conducted by Sarah Filkins, 2020-03-10. Funeral Mass of HE Cardinal George Basil Hume - Part 1 Parky TV 398 subscribers Subscribe 108K views 5 years ago The Funeral Mass of HE Cardinal George Basil Hume OBE which took place on 25th. We were led into a sitting room with windows overlooking Madison Avenue. At the cardinal's requiem mass, held at Saint Patrick's Cathedral, New York in 1967, where he reigned for nearly thirty years, the great and the powerful, as a testimony to his influence and affection, would with thousands of other mourners, pass by his raised coffin as he "lay in state.". Send a Card. He regrets keeping the cardinal's secret Rod Dreher Feb 9, 2019 2:54 PM Lucian K. Truscott IV writes about the time. (in 2 volumes) Saint Francis Historical Society, Mission Hills, CA, 1997. A pesar de todo, apreciaban tanto a los jesuitas que el emperador Kang-Hi se sinti obligado a llamados otra vez en 1669, y orden que se celebrara un funeral solemne para los restos de lam lo Vam (JeanAdam Shall). Neal, Steve (ed.). Josephus, Flavius. Submit news to our tip line, Pope Wants the Catholic Church to Return Stolen Art. I have to say that I decided to tell this story with some trepidation for that exact reason: because our reaction to Spellmans groping was to treat it like a joke. Back then, it didn't want to hear anything untoward about him. Loved ones and members of the Cardinal Spellman High School community gathered . Consequently, the new Pope was ordered to take the name JOHN. Amazingly, John the Baptistthe forerunner of the Messiahwas mentioned by Josephus . Douglas W. Harvey. Although John F. Kennedy was a Catholic, Spellman supported Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election, due to Kennedy's opposition to federal aid for parochial schools and to appointing a U.S. At this stage, we have to examine the possibility of financial blackmail against this senior cleric in the American Catholic hierarchy, and perhaps the most instantly recognizable to the American public. Cadets were allowed only two weekend leaves each semester in those days, and what they called a weekend leave consisted of being allowed to leave the campus on the Hudson from noon on Saturday until 6 p.m. on Sunday, so it wasnt a weekend at all. who is buried in st patrick's cathedral. [10] The Cardinal later agreed to Johnson's requests to send priests to the Dominican Republic to defuse anti-American sentiments following the invasion of 1965. Incredibly, Camillo Burghese became Pope Paul V in June 1605. [36] To date, Spellman's twenty-eight year tenure as archbishop is the longest in the history of the Archdiocese of New York. [10], On July 30, 1932, Spellman was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Boston and Titular Bishop of Sila by Pope Pius XI. with the Pope. I mean, there were three other people present! It seems clear now that sexual abuse by priests and bishops and even cardinals the so-called princes of the church was already systemic, and that the church was engaged in, and continued to engage in what amounted to a criminal enterprise by sanctioning sexual crimes and misdemeanors and not reporting offenders to law enforcement authorities. Our mission is to promote a culture of aspiration that encourages superior academic performance, leadership, and service. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. [22], In July 1947, a Jesuit residential building opened on the campus of Fordham University, Spellman's alma mater, named in his honor. "Jovial" John XXIII was the very opposite of the austere, imperious Pope Pius XII. Spellman had been named by the Vatican as Apostolic Vicar of the United States in 1939, and my grandfather had told me that Spellman had accompanied him during the landing at Anzio, Italy in 1944, and that they had stayed in touch afterwards. Just bomb them. And the President did! Cardinal Spellman would never have taken the name John because Pope John XXII was the second Avignon Pope. Spellman's comparable application to the Navy was personally rejected, twice, by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. During the third session, he had a massive stroke, and almost went to "Purgatory.". New York: Times Books. Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as "Coughlin Imperils Curley's Chances". No obstante, sus compaeros tuvieron que salir de la China. [4] The cardinal believed that predominantly liberal clergymen were being appointed to the council's commissions, and opposed the introduction of vernacular into the Mass, saying, "The Latin language, which is truly the Catholic language, is unchangeable, is not vulgar, and has for many centuries been the guardian of the unity of the Western Church. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our Being ready for the worst, spiritually and physically. You are not signed in as a Premium user; you are viewing the free version of this program. Oh, and yes, you need to study and if possible be ordained a priest in Rome. Kregel Publicastion, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1999. Everyone who loved her was very concerned about her state of mind. They include the wide ranging and decades long scandal of pedophile priests abusing children, and the abuse by priests of adult seminarians and members of their parishes. Remember: All must be born again(John 3:3-7). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In Revelation 18:4, Gods voice from Heaven, thunders: Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues.. He was created a cardinal in 1946. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. "[16], Henry Morton Robinson's novel The Cardinal (1950) was based in part on Spellman's career that was made in 1963 into a film of the same name with Tom Tryon as the eventual Cardinal. In 1948, as a reward for enriching the archdiocese of New York, Archbishop McIntyre was made archbishop of Los Angeles. [27] The cardinal engaged later in a heated public dispute with former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt in 1949 when she expressed her opposition to providing federal funding to parochial schools in her column, My Day. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. On mount: #A. (Incidentally over 55,000 names are proudly inscribed on the Vietnam War memorial in Washington DC, I havent been there myself, but some years ago James did pay a visit to the wall and later stood at the slain Kennedy brothers graves in Arlington Cemetery. ", On October 9, "La Popessa" gave Pope Pius the "poisoned chalice" and sent him to "Purgatory.". BOWMAN, Paul Edward Jr. Age 58, passed away from a drug overdose on November 22, 2021. and he was military vicar of the U.S. armed forces. Spellman, who ordained McCarrick, is one of the godfathers of the ecclesiastical culture that made the enabling of their misconduct possible. Cardinal Francis Spellman: The American Pope. He was scheduled to receive the high honor of the Thayer Award from West Point later that year, so there was a good reason to write a piece about him. [10], Spellman was an outspoken supporter of the Vietnam War, to the extent that the conflict became known as "Spelly's War" and the Cardinal as the "Bob Hope of the clergy". McIntyre was a very talented financial wizard, or moneychanger. Quarterly: $30 every 3 months Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the Around the time of the anniversary, Jackie admitted to a friend that she had considered suicide. With Apostolic Delegate to the U.S. Archbishop Egidio Vagnozzi attempting to silence Murray, Spellman, along with Murray's Jesuit superiors, continued to shield him from most attempts at Curial interference. The pope was on a peace mission to New York to address the UN general assembly. To accomplish that goal he forged a close military alliance with cousins Winston Churchill and Adolf Hitler. From 1939 until his death in 1967, he served as the sixth Archbishop of New York; he had previously served as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston from 1932 through 1939. For guidance about compiling full citations consult (On a personal note, I do happily remember that in 1962 I was in Paris and was offered the opportunity to meet Vice President Johnson, who was on his way back home to Washington after visiting the pope in Rome, to present him with a Telstar silver paperweight. Undine Brereton interview conducted by Christine Lewis, 2016-04-28. [10] His support for Nixon ended a long partnership with Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.[10] Kennedy aide David Powers recalled that in 1960, Kennedy asked him "Why is Spellman against me? Pius was slow to move against the Knights of Malta because several of the Holy Sees leading prelates were involved, including Nicola Cardinal Canali, one of the most powerful members of Sacred College, Bishop Angelo Roncalli, and their other close friend Cardinal Spellman (p. 331-332). I had sold the story and the New York trip to the officer in charge of The Pointer on the basis of writing a profile of Spellman in advance of the Thayer Award ceremony. [6] "Spellman's enduring accomplishments were his personal acts of kindness toward individuals and the religious and charitable institutions he founded or strengthened. Francis Joseph Spellman (May 4, 1889 - December 2, 1967) was an American bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church. "[39], Russell Shaw states that Spellman "embodied the fusion of Americanism and Catholicism" in the mid-twentieth century. The year was 1967, and he was Archbishop of the diocese of New York. Paul I. Junia Day, Shameless Dems Are Trying to Validate Pedophilia, Laypersons To Vote at Synod on Synodality. Later Spellman would happily gather on his frequent overseas trips, assorted intelligence for the CIA and the State Department. [11] Borgongini-Duca designed for him a coat of arms incorporating Columbus's ship the Santa Maria. Boyea, Earl. [25] He described the actions of the gravediggers, who belonged to the Food, Tobacco, Agricultural, and Allied Workers Union of America, as "an unjustified and immoral strike against the innocent dead and their bereaved families, against their religion and human decency". Illustrated. Suddenly it came to me. [33], In 1966, Spellman offered his resignation to Pope Paul VI after the latter instituted a policy whereby bishops retire at age 75, but Paul VI asked him to remain in his post. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). He nevertheless remained and managed to complete his theological studies. The other famous John was John the beloved disciple, who wrote the Gospel of St. John and the Apocalypse. That dubious future honour may still await one of the American cardinals. United States New York New York State, 1967. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Im sorry I didnt stand up and report the man called Mary for what he did. "Papal Secretary of State Coming Here; Rome Speculates on Subject of Mission". Cardinal Spellman was archbishop of New York, with HQ in Saint Patrick's Cathedral "The Powerhouse," in New York City. that President Kennedy was just a lamb to the slaughter.In that case Jackie held the gun . He suffered from pneumonia, however, leaving his state of health so poor that the seminary administration wanted to send him home. Justice William O. Douglas once said, "I came to know several Americans who I felt had greatly dishonored our American ideal. I mean, he was. They knew what he was likely to do. ! [10], He was instrumental in getting William Brennan appointed to the Supreme Court in 1956, but would later regret the decision. The Funeral Of Cardinal Spellman A priest adjusts a microphone stand as nuns pass by the corpse of American Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal Francis Spellman which lies in state among candles and guards, St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, December 1967. Sign up for only one day for the low cost of $1.99. Insiders have long whispered about his legacy of misconduct and the role he played in foisting McCarricks upon the Church. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints Library of Congress Duplication Services. You can just hear him ruminating in the officers mess in Saigon in 1965 by arguing: Now there is a pope and I knew him before he made pope! And of course, he had! Jeffersonian Publishing Co., Thomson, Georgia, 1915. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As a child, he served as an altar boy at Holy Ghost Church. The cardinal finally went to meet his Maker on July 16, 1979. [37] Both Signorile and John Loughery cite a story suggesting that Spellman was sexually active and carrying on a relationship with a male member of the chorus in the Broadway revue One Touch of Venus. According to historian William V. Shannon, "Spellman was deeply reactionary in his theology and secular politics. Indeed many of his fellow Catholic bishops just took it all for granted concerning his sexual activities. Cardinal Cushing knew have taken the name Pius XIII in honor of his mentor. We strive to make our program available to all qualified students. As Cooney describes it, he was soon told by his editors at Times Books that his sourcing wasn't good enough, and that the four pages would have to be cut. The first regularly scheduled Masses in Spanish in New York began when Spellman gave authorization to the Redemptorists at St. Cecilia's parish in East Harlem. Most to the employees of the archdiocese hated the mammon-minded prelate, and they rejoiced to see him go. 5.8K views 7 years ago (7 Nov 1970) The funeral service for the Archbishop of Bostong Richard Cardinal Cushing is attended by members of the Kennedy family including Edward Kennedy, Ethal. Later, the three of us checked into the Statler Hilton and sat around and drank beer and laughed about it. Spellman cancelled Sheen's annual Good Friday sermons at St. Patrick's Cathedral and discouraged clergy from befriending the Bishop.". was to be a brief Mass for family and friends that morning at the He was just about to reach my private parts when the monsignor, who was standing behind him, reached over his shoulder and grabbed his wrist and put his hand back in his lap. Pope Pius XI gave him the motto Sequere Deum (to follow God). Gotfryd, Bernard, photographer. We also learn from sister Pascalina, special papal aide toPius XII, the following about his masonic interests too:She [Pascalina] had learned of a major scandal involving the Knights of Malta, the Holy Sees influential laymens organisation, and was determined that the Pope [Pius XII] clean house of the cardinals and others who were running the secret society [Knights of Malta] and turning it into an international money-making racket. It certainly was a different and innocent world in the 1940s and 1950s in virtually every aspect of the American way of life. His intelligence was very, very good., Castro would later refer to him as The Cardinal of the Pentagon, the CIA and the American monopolies., To Spellman, all serving US troops in Vietnam were in his opinion Soldiers of Christ..
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