2002. pp. However, it may be necessary for the doctor to treat the underlying cause. The fluence of steps 2-3 is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted. Talk with your doctor to make sure its safe to stop taking any prescribed medications that cause photosensitivity, which is extreme sensitivity to UV light. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal WebSometimes, treatment isnt needed and the purpura goes away on its own. Dr. Siperstein started using the Sciton broadband light 5 years ago on patients who were bruising after cosmetic procedures. Results showed an exponential increase of senile purpura with respect to age and a higher number of males suffering from SP than females.). Though the spots are often flat, they can be slightly raised. When treating senile purpura, it is important to promote moisture retention of the skin, according to Suneel Chilukuri, MD, the dermatologist at Refresh Dermatology in Houston, Texas. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. Purpura do not represent a medical condition. (n.d.). One should immediately consult a dermatologist to reduce their appearance. The most recent report on lasers for bruise reduction comes from a group at Baylor University (Mayo TT, Khan F, Hunt C, et al. BBL treatments help enhance the appearance of skin damaged by factors such as: Dermatologists use BBL laser treatments for conditions such as: It enhances your skins firmness, elasticity, and pigmentation (coloring). You can talk to your dermatologist about how to reduce their appearance. Like purpura, petechiae change color as the body breaks down and absorbs the pooled blood. Senile purpura. Both petechiae and purpura clusters tend to have rash-like appearances. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Broadband light (BBL) laser therapy, also known as a photofacial, is a generally safe and effective treatment for a variety of cosmetic skin concerns. A 590 nm filter with two different fluences is employed. Enjoying our content? With 1 or 2 treatments, the bruise is gone within anywhere from 24 hours to 96 hours, Dr. Chilukuri said. Skin biopsies taken 1 day after the final session were analyzed. The underlying causes are mentioned below: The disorder of senile purpura occurs mostly in older people. Maintenance therapy is also required once every 3 to 6 months. The site is secure. While no study has assessed the effects of retinol for the treatment of actinic purpura, the combination of topical 0.3% retinol and 1% vitamin K shortened the duration of laser-induced purpura when applied for two weeks prior and two weeks after undergoing treatment with a pulsed dye laser. To date, Dr. Siperstein has used broadband light to treat senile purpura in roughly 30 patients. Results showed that application of vitamin K before the laser treatment did not reduce brusing, however patients who applied vitamin K after the laser treatment did demonstrate a significant reduction in the severity of bruising. -Healthy diet to insure adequate nutrition, -Minimize trauma (for example, shin guards may be useful in protecting the legs from developling ulcerative lesions), Banta, MN, Kirsner, RS. Arch Dermatol. Each bruise was randomly treated with a cold compress, hydrogen peroxide soaked gauze, or a bruise serum for 10 minutes immediately after the bruise was induced or with a PDL (6.5 J/cm2, 7 mm spot, 6 ms, 30/20) 30 minutes after purpura induction. Photographs taken before treatment and 1 month after the completion of the final session. 2010. pp. 968-76. Topical hormone therapy (ie, DHEA and progesterone creams). Most purpuric lesions last between one and three weeks, though the discoloration may be permanent after they fade. Berlin JM, et al. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus may also increase the likelihood of developing the lesions. Purpura form when tiny blood vessels called capillaries burst and leak, causing blood to pool beneath the skin. Medical Care Actinic purpura does not require extensive medical care. DermNet does not provide an online consultation service. After BBL, youll be able to get home from your appointment on your own and resume your daily activities. Specific results include an increase in the expression of the androgen receptor, heat shock protein 37, and procollagen 1 and 3 mRNA in the dermis. This includes exercise, hot temperatures, and saunas. While no study has assessed the effects of retinol for the treatment of actinic purpura, the combination of topical 0.3% retinol and 1% vitamin K shortened the duration of laser-induced purpura when applied for two weeks prior and two weeks after undergoing treatment with a pulsed dye laser. 8. They are a symptom. Broadband light (BBL) laser therapy, also known as a photofacial, is a generally safe and effective treatment for a variety of cosmetic skin concerns. Step 1 uses infrared light (8001,400 nm), high intensity, a smooth adapter, and a constant motion technique. - Full-Length Features Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. It is equally common in males and females. Kevin Smith, M.D. https://www.healthline.com/health/senile-purpura#diagnosis4, https://www.belmarrahealth.com/senile-purpura-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment-tips/, https://www.ihealthblogger.com/senile-purpura-images-causes-differential-diagnosis-and-treatment/, http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/the-aging-skin/, https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1087008-treatment, Ingrown Toenail Infection, Remedies, Home Treatment, Surgery and Removal, Ingrown Fingernail Infection, Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies, How long does nicotine stay in your system, Overuse of blood-thinning medicines like steroids & aspirin, Thrombocytopenia (deficiency of platelets), Dark colored lesions on hands, forearm, face & neck, Occurrence in chronic relapsing conditions, Vasculitic injury in liver, kidneys, brain, lungs or gastrointestinal tract. Purpura is a transient phenomenon that usually lasts 7-14 days. Overall, it is important to contact a doctor about any unexplained rash. Patient Management -Minimize sun exposure -Encourage consistent sunscreen use -Moisturization of skin -Healthy diet to insure adequate nutrition -Minimize trauma (for example, shin guards may be useful in protecting the legs from developling Histologically, the epidermis is thinned, and the dermis demonstrates significantly reduced amounts of collagen replaced by abnormal elastic fibres, as well as extravasated red blood cells. WebStep 1 uses infrared light (800-1,400 nm), high intensity, a smooth adapter, and a constant motion technique. 2012 Jun;38(6):918-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02344.x. FOIA You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. I have found that multiple passes, first at a lower energy, then increasing the energy, as well as changing to different filters to ensure that we are targeting different depths of the skin, help in senile purpura because that condition has bruises in many different stages, Dr. Siperstein said. Taking citrus bioflavonoids twice daily may also be a good natural remedy for actinic purpura. The Asian dermatologic patient: review of common pigmentary disorders and cutaneous diseases. BBL treatments increase the thickness of your epidermis (outer layer of skin) and improve collagen and elasticity, which enhances the skins structure. Actinic purpura seen on the forearm of an elderly female. Herbal remedies such as arnica and bromelain- more studies are needed to fully assess the efficacy in reducing the severity of bruising when using these treatments. DermNet does not provide an online consultation service.If you have any concerns with your skin or its treatment, see a dermatologist for advice. The spots are also non-blanching, meaning that they do not fade or change color under pressure. If youre experiencing a sudden increase in large bruises on your body, make an appointment with your doctor. 8600 Rockville Pike People who develop purpura or petechiae along with additional symptoms should also contact a doctor. Step 2 employs a 590-nm filter with two different fluences and step 3 utilizes a 560-nm filter. 2007 Jun;9(2):113-24. doi: 10.1080/14764170701280693. A thin-partial thickness section of his left forearm was removed and replaced with fenestrated Apligraf. - Evidence-Based Guidance Senile purpura Topical human epidermal growth factor in the treatment of senile purpura and the prevention of dermatoporosis. Senile purpura Among them are: Many other medical conditions that can cause blood vessels to burst or leak can also cause purpura and petechiae, including: Infections can also cause blood vessel damage and lead to purpura and petechiae. Purpura, whether after trauma or an aesthetic procedure, is undesirable to patients. Another small 2019 study found that three BBL treatment settings were effective in tightening skin. Treatment for Senile Purpura The disorder is considered harmless and fades away with time. With age and photodamage, the dermal tissues become thin and increase the fragility of blood vessels. There are often multiple colors that we are treating. ), (Reviews treatments for the aging skin; includes a discussion on vitamin C and topical hormone therapy. One case report describes this extreme procedure in which affected skin is excised first before placement of the graft. It is important to consult a doctor if a child develops any unexplained rash. The fluence of steps 2-3 is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted. When washing the affected area, use lukewarm water and avoid hot or cold water. Treatment of injection-induced ecchymoses with light/laser-assisted technology. 2002. pp. Last medically reviewed on July 16, 2021. Results showed that application of vitamin K before the laser treatment did not reduce brusing, however patients who applied vitamin K after the laser treatment did demonstrate a significant reduction in the severity of bruising. If you wish to read unlimited content, please log in or register below. Effect of homeopathic arnica montana on brusing in face-lifts. Senile purpura, also known as Batemans purpura or actinic purpura, is a condition that commonly affects aging skin. Careers. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Anything that rehydrates the skin and improves the water barrier will improve the overall health of the skin, he said. In S, et al. Copyright 2023 Haymarket Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. February 2014. People with darker skin tones containing more melanin are more likely to experience burning, scarring, or hyperpigmentation. Note that this may not provide an exact translation in all languages, Home Its sometimes called actinic purpura. Medical Care Actinic purpura does not require extensive medical care. However, retinoids have many side effects that may outweigh any potential benefits. Nearly all patients have responded to treatment, she said. The number of ecchymoses on the treated vs untreated arm were significantly reduced (P = 0.02), with an average reduction of 3.5 lesions. ), (Placebo-controlled, randomized, prospective study in 75 postmenopausal women who applied topical DHEA cream (ranging from 0.1-2%) twice daily to several areas on the body for 13 weeks. Purpura (or bruising) is often noted in patients after pulsed-dye laser treatment. Generally, petechiae are smaller versions of purpura, and they, too, are sometimes called blood spots. Br J Dermatol. Discuss ways to help you cope with purpura (such as covering up the spots). 1103-6. Purpura and petechiae are discolored spots on the skin that appear in rash-like clusters. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 153. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Senile purpura, also known as Batemans purpura or actinic purpura, is a condition that commonly affects aging skin. (Fluence is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted). They also theorize that the bruises due to minor trauma or nonsurgical cosmetic procedures (i.e. If there is pain or swelling, the following may help: Unexplained rashes of any kind require medical attention, especially in children. BBL is a type of laser therapy used to enhance and brighten your complexion by treating skin concerns and stimulating your bodys production of collagen. Actinic purpura is believed to be more common in men. Purpura (or bruising) is often noted in patients after pulsed-dye laser treatment. Results Pediatric petechial rashes are often harmless and resolve on their own. Palpable purpura (inflammation plus hemorrhage), Noninflammatory retiform purpura (such as disseminated intravascular coagulation), Inflammatory purpura- classic palpable purpura due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis. In most cases, purpura develop in rash-like clusters on a single area of skin, which may be large. Registration is free. As purpura heal and the body breaks down and absorbs the pooled blood, the patches change color. In general, results showed that patients taking arnica had less ecchymosis than placebo. vol. A 590 nm filter with two different fluences is employed. Bookshelf This percentage increases with age. Manage or treat the underlying disease causing the purpura. Seeking emergency care is crucial if a child has an unexplained rash and a fever. ), Holzer, G, Riegler, E, Honigsmann, H. Effects and side-effects of 2% progesterone cream on the skin of peri- and post menopausal women: results from a double-blind, vehicle-controlled, randomized study. They are also known as blood spots or skin hemorrhages. A 560 nm filter is used. Purpura is often frustrating and often cosmetically bothersome, but luckily it is usually not worrisome to your health. Laser resurfacing as well as chemical peels and microdermabrasion have limited success. All patients were treated at Dr. Sipersteins practice by her and Jennifer Richter, PA-C, in 2018. He healed well post-peratively and did not experience new tears,brusing or trauma to the grafted location after 15 months. The bruise (Figure 1) was divided into quadrants and treated with KTP laser at 14 J/cm2, 9 mm spot, 20 ms, 1064 nm neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser at 60 J/cm2, 9 mm spot, 40 ms, intense pulsed light (IPL) with a short-wavelength cut-off filter at 20 J/cm2, 10 x 13 mm spot, program A (LimeLight, Cutera Lasers), versus an untreated control. Treatment significantly increased epidermal thickness in elderly subjects (green) to levels comparable with young subjects (blue): 54.89 m vs 53.82 m. (2020). Broadband light treatment using static operation and constant motion techniques for skin tightening in Asian patients. All rights reserved. Broadband light (BBL) laser therapy, also known as a photofacial, is a generally safe and effective treatment for a variety of cosmetic skin concerns. By Bob Kronemyer; Reviewed by Robyn Siperstein, MD. Discuss ways to help you cope with purpura (such as covering up the spots). To relieve swelling and discomfort, apply a cold compress to the affected area for 10 to 20 minutes at a time. MeSH Purpura and petechiae can both appear in rash-like clusters. Step 1. Ditre CM, et al. (Geriatric study of prognostic factors of senile purpura (SP) in 1125 elderly Chinese patients. Fair skinned older people are more likely to develop the condition. The authors look forward to additional investigations that study the optimum device, parameters and timing of laser/light treatment of purpura after initial insult to further enhance our abilities to hasten the resolution of this undesirable sequela. WebMany practitioners have employed the theory of selective photothermolysis, using laser and light devices, to target hemoglobin and its breakdown products to speed time to bruise resolution. Please login or register first to view this content. Broadband light treatment of older skin with senile purpura (green) also resulted in a 21.14% increase in epidermal thickness compared to untreated older skin (P = 0.0153, 2-tailed, paired t-test). They form when capillaries break and leak blood that pools beneath the skin. Once your healthcare provider determines the cause, they can: Change medications causing purpura. Actinic purpura is not dangerous and is completely benign, but unless changes are made, the condition is likely to be recurring. All rights reserved. Last medically reviewed on August 8, 2017. It was virtually inevitable with the first-generation 585-nm pulsed dye lasers and was typically used as a clinical measure of effective fluence selection. Laser resurfacing as well as chemical peels and microdermabrasion have limited success. This is different than conditions that cause easy bruising due to bleeding disorders. Ecchymosis differential diagnosis includes: Middle-aged persons and the elderly population are at risk. Fortunately, there are laser and light options that utilize the principle of selective photothermolysis to target hemoglobin within extravasated red blood cells and speed the resolution of purpura. For either laser, a treatment session lasts 3 to 4 minutes. These changes vary a spot may turn from reddish-purple to brown, orange, blue, or green. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. A 590 nm filter with two different fluences is employed. J Clin Pathol. Common senile purpura symptoms appear such as: It is really important to diagnose senile purpura. Three independent blinded observers graded photographs obtained using a purpura scale created by the investigators. He has been writing for Prime Health Channel more than 750 high quality and informative based medical / health articles for both consumer and professional readers. Global Aesthetics Consensus: Avoidance and Management of Complications from Hyaluronic Acid Fillers-Evidence- and Opinion-Based Review and Consensus Recommendations. A purpura cluster is not generally irritating or itchy. Some common treatments for Taking care of your skin after laser hair removal may reduce the risk of side effects. Learn how your comment data is processed. Epub 2019 Mar 28. Therefore the laser energy is more readily absorbed by the target chromophore and these ecchymoses are more amenable to earlier PDL treatment. Purpura and petechiae can both appear in rash-like clusters. The following day (Figure 2), there was some minor improvement in the IPL- and Nd:YAG-treated sections, but considerable improvement in the KTP treated area. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help - Drug Monographs Before your BBL treatment, you need to prepare your skin. Step 1 uses infrared light (8001,400 nm), high intensity, a smooth adapter, and a constant motion technique. In initial stages, they are purplish red and appear as patches or spots on the skin. Results showed that this treatment has the potential to be an effective antiaging treatment in the future. Next, we explore their causes and treatments, and when to contact a doctor. Your doctor can prescribe topical retinoids that thicken your skin to prevent further skin aging. Purpura spots, also called blood spots or skin hemorrhages, are. government site. Find out how to remove skin tags through home remedies and other options. Purpura and petechiae are spots of skin discoloration that occur when small blood vessels under the skin break and bleed. BBL treatments usually last around 30 minutes, depending on the size of the treatment area. Dr. Chilukuris laser of choice for purpura is a 595-nm pulse dye laser, with a 6-mm spot size, 7 msec and a pulse duration of 10 Hz. Patient Management -Minimize sun exposure -Encourage consistent sunscreen use -Moisturization of skin -Healthy diet to insure adequate nutrition -Minimize trauma (for example, shin guards may be useful in protecting the legs from developling vol. However, people may not like these patches or bruises on their skin so many seek treatment, which may include: Supplementation with vitamin C Intake of flavonoids and antioxidants Retinoid for further prevention (2015). We hope youre enjoying the latest clinical news, full-length features, case studies, and more. The fluence of steps 2-3 is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted. Dermatologists use this fairly gentle procedure to: Read on to learn more about the uses of BBL laser therapy, its effectiveness, and what you can expect during and after a session. 2010). We avoid using tertiary references. These bruises typically last between one and three weeks before fading. At 48 hours the average improvement was 76 and 36 percent, respectively. Dermatol Ther. The 3 most common topical options are retinol, arnica, and vitamin K, But studies have been inconclusive for efficacy, she said. Despite their widespread use, however, there is a paucity of published literature on the topic. Purpura are larger than petechiae. An unexplained rash may require treatment, and any child with an unexplained rash and a fever should receive urgent medical attention. There are three types of purpura and petechiae: A wide range of factors can cause purpura and petechiae to develop, such as: Certain medications can cause purpura and petechiae, including: Several autoimmune conditions or health issues that cause irregular bleeding or affect blood clotting can cause purpura and petechiae. Certain drugs, including corticosteroids and aspirin, may exacerbate the lesions. Senile purpura Dr. Chilukuris laser of choice for purpura is a 595-nm pulse dye laser, with a 6-mm spot Results Lasers may also be used to treat lesions and help them fade away faster. Ultrasound gel is also applied on the skin to glide the broadband light. Some of the studies did not have a control group, which is important because multiple studies have shown improvements with just a base vehicle cream. 1189-91. Lebrikizumab Efficacious in Clearing Hand, Facial Atopic Dermatitis, The Cutaneous Connection: Managing Atopic Dermatitis With Emerging Techniques, No Differences in Severity or Treatment Among Racially Diverse Eczema Patients, The Cutaneous Connection: Using the Color Wheel to Discuss Nutrition, Revolutionizing Atopic Dermatitis Recap: Day 2, Christopher Bunick, MD, PhD, Discusses Late-Breaking Long-Term 4-Year Safety Data of Upadacitinib for AD. Varying in size, large purpura spots are called ecchymosis while the smaller ones are termed as petechiae. 15. WebFor patients with extreme cases of bruising, Refresh Dermatology offers laser and light-based therapy that allows for rapid resolution of bruises. Results are promising in using these treatments, however more studies are needed to fully examine the safety and benefits of these therapies. The only patients I find that do not do as well are those on oral steroids in high doses and for long periods of time.. Both result from blood vessels breaking and leaking. Mostly, purpuric eruptions may last from a week and can extend up to three weeks or so. People who currently take steroids or blood thinners are also at higher risk of acquiring the skin condition. Protecting your limbs by wearing shin guards can also help prevent minor trauma that causes bruising. Once you get familiar with your light source, you can effectively enhance your patients results and experience.. However, no studies have been done on people who have senile purpura. 139-44. Actinic purpura can also be seen on the upper extremities (Figure 1). All three techniques showed improvements in zygomatic (cheekbone) wrinkles, nasolabial folds, and marionette lines. Despite their widespread use, however, there is a paucity of published literature on the topic. WebSenile purpura can be diagnosed based on clinical appearance alone. The combination therapy not only helps resolve the purpura more quickly, but also prevents some future bruises. What are the symptoms of actinic purpura? Broadband light is also part of the mix at Refresh Dermatology, consisting again of 1 or 2 sessions, spaced about 2 days apart. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Its important that your skin is not tanned. They are larger than 2 millimeters (mm). Vascular lasers and IPLS: guidelines for care from the European Society for Laser Dermatology (ESLD). Thanks for visiting Dermatology Advisor. Purpura is often frustrating and often cosmetically bothersome, but luckily it is usually not worrisome to your health. There was slightly more procedural discomfort with the higher fluence, longer pulse duration setting. 1988. pp. Arch Facial Plast Surg. Although cosmetically displeasing, senile purpura is benign and unrelated to any systemic diseases or blood dyscrasias. The vessel walls of the dermis are normal in structure. In general, results showed that patients taking arnica had less ecchymosis than placebo. 2007:53 (3); 3242. Laser resurfacing as well as chemical peels and microdermabrasion have limited success. Petechiae can develop in small clusters or patches, resembling a rash. vol. DermNet provides Google Translate, a free machine translation service. QJM. doi: 10.1111/dth.12861. You may see fewer discolorations, fine lines, and pores. A survey of skin problems and skin care regimens in the elderly. Research from 2020 suggests that BBL safely and effectively improves the appearance of senile purpura and prevents new lesions. 8 Treatment Options for Hyperpigmentation, Everything to Know About Skin Tag Removal, How to Properly Care for Your Skin After Laser Hair Removal, 6 Ways to Manage Taking Multiple Prescriptions, treat skin conditions such as rosacea, spider veins, and acne, help minimize the appearance of sun damage, fine lines, and wrinkles. Arch Facial Plast Surg. vol. Senile purpura is characterised by irregularly-shaped macules, 1 4 cm in diameter, that are dark purple with well-defined margins. (2002). Dont miss out on todays top content on Dermatology Advisor. Sun damage over a long period of time can also play a role in developing actinic purpura, as this can weaken our connective tissues over time. Learn about how you can inherit hemophilia C, a rare blood disorder. The latest drugs used to treat low platelet count in people with chronic immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are romiplostim ( Nplate) and eltrombopag (Promacta). Utilizing a scale created by the investigators, they found at 24 hours the average improvement was 62 percent in treated and 13 percent in untreated bruises. The ecchymoses can last for up to two weeks, and dyspigmentation can persist even longer. This treatment may involve: Purpura or petechiae resulting from minor injury often do not require medical attention, as they usually heal on their own. The final step is 2 passes with a 560-nm filter. Its also common to experience redness, peeling, and swelling. It is, however, a risk factor for skin tears in institutionalised patients. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Purpura and petechiae can both appear in rash-like clusters. See additional information. The earliest publication is from DeFatta and colleagues who reported their experience with the 595 nm yellow light pulsed dye laser (PDL) to treat the ecchymoses of 20 patients following facial plastic surgery (DeFatta RJ, Krishna Srinivasan, Williams EF. Step 2 employs a 590-nm filter with two different fluences and step 3 utilizes a 560-nm filter. They are smaller than 2 mm and usually flat. A thin-partial thickness section of his left forearm was removed and replaced with fenestrated Apligraf. Register for free and gain unlimited access to: - Clinical Updates, with personalized daily picks for you Would you like email updates of new search results? Dr. Siperstein shaves patients before treatment so that the energy is delivered deep into the skin and does not become trapped in the hair. They can also develop under the mucous membranes, such as those in the mouth or nose. WebMany practitioners have employed the theory of selective photothermolysis, using laser and light devices, to target hemoglobin and its breakdown products to speed time to bruise resolution. Minimal edema but no dyspigmentation was noted. Anemia rash is a term that refers to red pinpricks that appear on the skin and are caused by a low platelet count. We avoid using tertiary references. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Lasers may also be used to treat lesions and help them fade away faster. Some common treatments for Specific therapy recommendations, side effects and contraindications will be addressed in this review. (Double-blind study of 29 patients undergoing rhytidectomy that were treated perioperatively with arnica or placebo. Henoch-Schnlein purpura: What you need to know, Why do bruises itch? Results showed that this treatment has the potential to be an effective antiaging treatment in the future. It is very important when treating this condition to ensure there is no friction.. One author (KCS) recently treated a five-day-old traumatic ecchymosis of the popliteal fossa with three different types of light to further understand optimal treatment. Some may have the opinion that senile purpura is the effect of vitamin and mineral deficiency, but this is not at all true. Tattersall RN, Seville R. Senile purpura. WebSometimes, treatment isnt needed and the purpura goes away on its own. The fluence of steps 23 is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted. Although laser hair removal is generally safe, side effects are possible. The purpuric lesions resolve over one to three weeks and may produce residual brown pigmentation of the skin. (Fluence is increased by 1 J each treatment if no side effects are noted).
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