[5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). He carefully explores economic concerns . In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. He also translated numerous works on the subject into English. In 1588 Hakluyt finally returned to England with Douglas Sheffield, Baroness Sheffield, after a residence in France of nearly five years. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. He graduated with a master's degree in 1577, and remained in Oxford as a lecturer. student. Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? He took his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) For this reason, no map can be completely accurate, and in the early 1500s maps were often badly distorted. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. . The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. His utilitarian attitude and indifference against the Spanish population clearly depicts the rivalry and points out how England would gain a lot from their defeat. He carefully explores economic concerns and articulates a number of issues towards colonization. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. IvyPanda, 8 Apr. What is the importance of religion in Hakluyts case for colonization? In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister. The increase of the force of the Christians. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. When Hakluyt was only five his father passed away. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?) IvyPanda. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. both the olde imperfectly composed, and the new lately reformed Mappes, Globes, Spheares, and other instruments of this Art for demonstration in the common schooles. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. ?died Nov. 23, 1616, England), British geographer. In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. The most comprehensive portrait yet of Richard Hakluyt, indefatigable promoter of English colonization in America Richard Hakluyt the younger, a contemporary of William Shakespeare, advocated the creation of English colonies in the New World at a time when the advantages of this idea were far from self-evident. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. Captains of ships would document the places they visited such as the Far East and the Americas. Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. The first fruits of Hakluyt's labours in Paris were embodied in his important work entitled A Particuler Discourse Concerninge the Greate Necessitie and Manifolde Commodyties That Are Like to Growe to This Realme of Englande by the Westerne Discoueries Lately Attempted, Written in the Yere 1584, which Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned him to prepare. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea. Create your account. A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. Reasons for Colonization 1. Hugo Grotius, Richard Hakluyt (trans. In this he also pleaded for the establishment of a lectureship in navigation. to the reliefe of the colonie planted in Virginia, in . If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. Omissions? He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . English colonization and the introduction of new crops took place alongside a wider process now termed the Columbian exchange, the exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between Europe and the Americas. These views are first set out in the preface he wrote to John Florios translation of an account of Jacques Cartiers voyage to Canada, which he induced Florio to undertake, and are further developed in his first important work, Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (1582). Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. 12 (11thed.). The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. . This will also enable England to suppress her enemies, improve military force, take advantage of prevailing weaknesses in other economies, and optimally exploit resources. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. Vol. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. He taught geography, which was his favorite subject. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Hakluyt returned to London in 1588. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. Hakluyt served in Paris also as a kind of intelligence officer, collecting information on the fur trade of Canada and on overseas enterprises from French and exiled Portuguese pilots. Hakluyt's great collection has been called "the Prose Epic of the modern English nation" by historian James Anthony Froude. [10], Hakluyt was ordained in 1578, the same year he began to receive a "pension" from the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers to study divinity. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. IvyPanda. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. It began with Portuguese exploring places such as the Atlantic archipelagos and the coast of Africa during the fifteenth century. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. Create an account to start this course today. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland.
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